Political Oppositions Abortions Essay Example for Free

Political Oppositions Abortions Essay Old Righteous with its   â€Å" Solid as a rock† slogan is the political party for you. Not only do we stand behind every word we say our backing comes from a long line of leaders that also support our beliefs. We have been around for fifty years and counting. Old Righteous believes that if something is not broken then don’t fix it. We apply this method with every aspect of our campaign. One of the major topics of discussion that recently came to our attention is the opportunity for women to abort pregnancies. Pregnancy is a choice that we believe is made before the conception of the child. During planned pregnancies women and men know that there is a baby about to be born. When a pregnancy is not planned they are other options to prevent it from happening. As one of the more proven methods of birth control, abstinence has always proven to be affective. Although it may be one of the hardest for some couples we stand behind it 100%. Also unmarried couple should thoroughly discuss what they’re plans are if they intend to have intercourse and get pregnant. These topics will enlighten the mind of the younger generation. It will also make them think twice about just making bad decision they will have to pay for later. We consider an unborn fetus to be a child in the most precious developing stages of his or her life. Because he or she is not able to defend him or she in this battle means that there should be more traditional beliefs standing behind them to prevent it from ever occurring. Abortion is some that should not be a resort. Many agencies offer adoption and transfer of custody to family and friends. These children deserve life. It was destined for them to be born or they would have never been made. No one should have the choice to terminate the existences of another human being beginning. Campaign Names:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Today’s Woman Slogan:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pro Choice is the only Choice; life is only life is planned Party’s Platform: Today’s Woman is the debating campaign that believes â€Å" pro choice is the only choice; life is only life if it is planned† Today’s Woman believes that many people make mistakes and should not be punished for them. Having a child is a life long decision and some of people are just not ready for that. Considering the amount of hungry starving children and the homeless population in society today; keeping you right to abortion could prove beneficial. Knowing when you can and cannot handle a situation is a big decision. Doing something about it makes you an adult. Many people get pregnant for the wrong reasons and should not have to pay for it the rest of their life. Their children will suffer from some type of mental anguish feeling their parent’s regret. Parents tend to not be married or split up for various reasons. Also, many children end up living in a single parent household due to unforeseen circumstances. Others are just left to fend of themselves in the streets because of parent on drugs and poor living conditions. Child welfare seldom steps in to monitor many homes because the cases of neglect are never reported. This cause many other larger problems for the social economy. Today’s Woman feels that no society should have to reproduce in or to satisfy someone else’s moral decisions. To each his or her owns is the method we believe. Some things work for a lot of people but nothing works for us all. Women should be allowed to do what works best for them. They should make intelligent decision based on their personal needs and lifestyle. If they make a mistake and get pregnant through some type of unfortunate circumstances they should be allowed to terminate the pregnancy without regret. Reference: (2006). Life/Pro-Choice Debate. Accessed 5/3/2006. New York. Times Company. Website: http://atheism.about.com/od/booksabortion/ William A. Gamson. And Larry G. Peppers (2000). Simulated Society. (5th ed) Creating a Better Society (pp. 104) NewYork, NY. Free Press Nick Farrell (2006).   Amazon is anti-abortion. Accessed 5/4/2006. The Inquirer. Website: http://www.theinquirer.net/?article=30429

Expression of Recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein (rGFP)

Expression of Recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein (rGFP) Expression and Purification of recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein (rGFP) from E. coli using Ni2+-Agarose Column Chromatography. Andrea Bustamante Janakikeerthika Darmarpandi Abstract Green Fluorescent Proteins are vital components of bioluminescence in marine animals. There unique ability to withstand and recover from harsh conditions and regain fluorescence was of great interest. The purpose of the following set of experiments was to express and purify a His6-Xpress epitope tagged recombinant form of Green Fluorescent Protein grown and harvested from E. coli. The desired protein is initially released into solution using the properties of freeze-quick thaw cycles that then help release the contents of the nucleus of neighboring bacteria following a chain reaction. It is then submitted through a Ni2+-agarose affinity chromatography column where the target protein was purified. The resulting wash and elution fractions where run through a Bradford assay, SDS-PAGE/Coomassie blue staining, and a Western blot to determine the molecular weight of the protein to be 32kDa. The overall specific activity was determined to be 433000 RFU/ mg of total protein with a resulting 20 percent purity. The results show that expression and purification of rGFP from bacterial cells was possible. Introduction Aequorea victoria is a jellyfish capable of producing a green fluorescent light when Ca2+ ions activate a photoprotein, known as aequorin, which excites Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). Wild type GFP is a 27kDa, homodimer composed of 238 amino acid residues that absorbs light at an excitation wavelength of 395nm (blue light) and emits light at an emission wavelength of 510nm (green light). Aequorea victoria GFP has a distinctive three dimensional structure that encases a chromophore (formed by cyclization of Ser65-dehydrogenized Tyr-Gly67) and allows for stability under harsh conditions (Prasher, 229-230.) . This structure allows for regaining of fluorescence even after the protein has been denatured upon removal of the denaturant. Therefore, GFP’s are extremely stable to changes in pH, temperature, oxidation and reduction, and chemical reagents (Pan, Pickett, and Rippel 225.) Poly-histidine tags involve addition of a series of histidine residues to the N or C terminus of a protein of interest. Poly-histidine tags are affinity tags that serve to facilitate protein purification by exploiting the positively charged histidine residue’s affinity for negatively charged columns. This series of experiments involved a six repeat histidine codon contained within a DNA plasmid which resulted in a recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein that contained a six residue histidine tag located at the N-terminus. The His ­6 tagged recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein was then subjected to Ni2+-agarose column affinity chromatography. Ni2+-agarose affinity chromatography allows for the purification of poly-histidine tagged proteins due to the selectivity and affinity of the Ni2+-agarose matrix for His6 tagged proteins. rGFP binds the column due to the interactions between the His6 tagged proteins in the mobile phase with the metal Ni2+ ions immobilized within the matrix in the stationary phase. The Ni2+ ions contained within the matrix are capable of binding electron rich molecules including histidine residues and allowing most other molecules to pass unbound. This results in the binding of the desired protein to the column and the purging of most undesired proteins and contaminants from the column into wash fractions (Ninfa, et al. 100-101.) The column was then subjected to imidazole, which competes with rGFP for Ni2+ ion attachment, and this allows for the elution of the target protein. Due to its unique properties, isolation of GFP was of great interest and expression and purification were the main focus of the following series of experiments. A suitable way to accomplish this was devised using the combination of poly-histidine tagging and affinity chromatography. The purpose of this experiment was to express and purify a six-Histidine tagged recombinant form of Green Fluorescent Protein from E. coli through the use of Ni2+-agarose affinity chromatography. After expression and purification, a Bradford assay was performed to estimate total protein amount. This was followed by SDS-PAGE/Coomassie blue staining to determine purity and molecular weight. The confirmation of the presence of rGFP was done using the Western Blot. Materials and Methods Growth of G strain In a test tube, 10ml of liquid LB growth media containing 100ug/ml Amp and 25ug/ml Cam was inoculated with a single bacterial colony of strain G (BL21(DE3)uv>) and was allowed to grow overnight at 37 °C. The culture was shaken until saturated. In a flask, 500ml of liquid LB media (pre-warmed to 30 °C) was inoculated with about 4 ml of the saturated overnight culture (or until the 500ml culture reached an OD600 reading of 0.1) and allowed to grow at 37 °C until the OD600 reading reached 0.5. At approximately OD600 ~0.5, or time zero, 1ml of the culture was harvested into a 1.5ml centrifuge tube and pelleted. The supernatant was discarded and the â€Å"G0† pellet stored at -20 °C for later use. The remaining culture was induced with 1mM IPTG and allowed to grow. After 3 hours, 1ml of the culture was harvested into a 1.5ml centrifuge tube and pelleted. The supernatant was discarded and the â€Å"G3† pellet stored at -20 °C for later use. An additional 15ml of the IPTG induced culture was harvested into a 15ml centrifuge tube and pelleted. The supernatant was discarded and the â€Å"G3-15ml† was stored at -20 °C. Preparation of rGFP Crude Extract Immediately after removal of the â€Å"G3-15ml† pellet from freezer, breaking buffer [10mM Tris, pH 8.0; 150mM NaCl] was added into the centrifuge tube. The breaking buffer was pipetted up and down (being careful not to introduce air) until pellet had thawed and homogeneity was reached. The solution was transferred into a 1.5ml centrifuge tube, vortexed for 5 minutes, labeled and placed in 37 °C water bath for 10minutes after which the centrifuge tube was transferred to a rotating platform shaker in a dry air 37 °C incubator for 20 minutes. After lysis, the mixture was centrifuged at 14000xg, 4 °C, for 10 minutes. In a dark room in the presence of a hand held UV light, the fluorescence of the pellet and supernatant where observed the recorded. The supernatant was then decanted and care was taken not to get the pellet back into the supernatant as centrifugation would be required if this did occur. This supernatant was the GCE (rGFP crude extract) Preparation of Ni2+-agarose Column In a 3ml plastic syringe, enough glass wool was placed into the well to cover up to the 1/4 ml marking. The syringe was secured onto a ring stand and placed perpendicular to the ground. About 100ul of breaking buffer was pipetted into the top of a closed luer-lock and allowed to overflow. 1ml of buffer was then pipetted into the syringe column and the luer-lock was immediately screwed onto the syringe. An additional 2ml of breaking buffer was added to the column and several drops of buffer were allowed to flow out. The luer-lock was then returned to the closed position. A total of 500ul of breaking buffer was added to the column and then 1ml of a 0.5ml bed volume Ni2+-agarose slurry was added to the column. The luer-lock was opened and agarose matrix was allowed to â€Å"gravity pack.† The column was pre-equilibrated with 5ml of breaking buffer and then the luer-lock was returned to the closed position. Ni2+-NTA Chromatography Separation Procedures 100ul of GCE was transferred into a centrifuge tube, labeled, and set aside. Breaking buffer was added to remaining GCE if content was less than 1ml. GCE was slowly applied to the Ni2+-agarose column and allowed about 5-10 minutes for protein to bind to column. The luer-lock was opened and 0.5ml of effluent was collected into 1.5ml centrifuge tube and labeled W1. This was repeated with the subsequent effluent labeled W2.The column was then observed under an ultraviolet light and fluorescence recorded. The column was then washed with 4ml of buffer in 0.5ml increments. The effluent was collected and labeled W3 to W10. The column was then washed again with a total of 5ml of breaking buffer. This effluent was discarded. A total of 5ml of elution buffer containing 10mM Tris, pH 8.0; 150mM NaCl, 300mM imidazole was added to the column in 0.5ml increments. The eluents were collected and labeled E1-E10.The column was then observed under a UV light and the fluorescence recorded. The W1-W6 and E1-E6 fractions were also observed under UV light and their fluorescence rec orded qualitatively. Determining Total Protein Amount A standard curve was created using six different samples of Bovine Serum Albumin (1mg/ml) of known amount. The amounts of BSA used all had a final volume of 50ul and included 0ug, 3ug, 5ug, 10ug, and 20ug total proteins. A total of 1ml of Bradford reagent was added to each, vortexed, and allowed to incubate for 10 minutes. The results where read using 200ul in a microtiter dish and read using a microplate reader set to 595nm. The results where plotted on a graph as absorbance (595nm) vs. BSA (ug) and a best fit line was drawn. The Bradford assay was then performed once on the W1-W6 and E1-E6 samples. Any samples whose absorbance fell outside the standard curve were repeated less sample in the assay. Once all samples fell within the standard curve, the Bradford assay was repeated two more times for each sample. The total protein amount was then extrapolated from the standard curve using the absorbance values. Estimating Purity and Molecular Weight The SDS-PAGE was prepared using a 12 percent resolving gel that was poured between the Bio-Rad glass plate â€Å"sandwich† and allowed to polymerize. A 5 percent stacking gel was prepared and added on top of the resolving gel, a comb was inserted, and the gel was allowed to polymerize. Once that polymerized, the combs were removed and the electrophoresis tank was set up. 15ul of G0, G3, GCE, W3, W4, E2, and E3 samples were added to the SDS-PAGE along with a standard molecular weight ladder. The samples were electrophoresed at 200volts for 45 minutes. The gel was then stained using Coomassie blue dye and the stain removed. Confirmation of rGFP 2-ÃŽ ²-mercaptoethanol was added to the centrifuge tubes containing the G0, G3, GCE, W3, W4, E2, and E3 samples and were loaded along with a molecular weight ladder and electrophoresed as described above. The stacker was removed and the resulting gel set up for transfer onto a nitrocellulose membrane for Western Blot analysis. The overall setup required a â€Å"building up† of components with the positive electrode base on the bottom, followed by filter paper soaked in transfer buffer, nitrocellulose paper above that, the SDS/PAGE layer, another layer of filter paper soaked in transfer buffer, Western blot solution was poured over all the components, and finally the negative electrode lid was locked into position. To ensure transfer, the nitrocellulose gel was stained using Ponceau S and allowed to incubate for two minutes on a rocker and then destained using ddH2O. The membrane was then blocked using 5% non-fat dry milk/TBS solution and incubated for 30 minutes on a rocking p latform. This was then and washed three times with 0.05%Tween 20/TBS with 5 minutes of incubation between each wash. It was then probed with mouse IgG anti-Xpress epitope MAb solution and allowed to incubate for 45 minutes. The 0.05%Tween 20/TBS wash was repeated in triplicate. A secondary probe using sheep IgG anti-mouse IgG conjugated horseradish peroxidase polyclonal anti-serum solution was performed as above and then washed in triplicate. The nitrocellulose gel was developed using TMB until desired intensity was reached and development was stopped with water and results recorded immediately. Results The expression of the target protein was doubly repressed in the G0 (uninduced) sample of E. coli. First, the Lac repressor protein binds to the lac operator and prevents transcription by T7 RNA polymerase (Garrett and Grisham 915-916). Second, T7 RNA was repressed by lysozyme protein that binds to T7 RNA polymerase and inhibits transcription. Expression of rGFP in the G3 (3 hour post induction) sample was made possible through the use of IPTG (Garrett and Grisham 914.) The purpose of IPTG was to repress the Lac repressor which resulted in T7 RNA polymerase being able to transcribe DNA downstream of the T7 promoter and expression of His6-Xpress-GFPuv, resulting in the fluorescent capable recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein. (Figure 1) This resulting recombinant GFP is a 279 amino acid protein. rGFP has a six Histidine tag at its N terminus between amino acids 5 and 10, an Xpress epitope between amino acids 24 and 31, Green Fluorescent Protein between amino acids 39 and 277, and a 3 amino acid end tag between amino acids 277 and 279. The chromophore is found between amino acids 103 and 105 in the DNA sequence. (Figure 2) Results of Ni2+-agarose affinity chromatography and Bradford assay indicated that the E3 (elution 3) sample contained the most rGFP activity with approximately 18,600 RFU (relative fluorescent units) and an estimate 43ug of total protein. The specific activity calculated for the sample was 433000 RFU/ mg of total protein. (Figure 3) The SDS-PAGE/Coomassie staining gave an estimate molecular weight for rGFP of 32kDa based on a total traveled distance of 2.3cm along the SDS/PAGE. The overall purity of the band was approximately 20 percent. The higher molecular weight band was most likely contaminants at about 45kDa and the lower molecular weight band was possibly a result of the degradation of the c-terminus at 27kDa. (Figure 4) Western Blot indicated prominent bands in the E3, E2, GCE, and G3 lanes. Lanes W4 and W3 showed very light bands and lane G0 shows an absence of bands. All visible bands appear at about 32 kDa and therefore confirm the presence of rGFP. (Figure 5) Conclusion The successful expression and purification of recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein is significant in the scientific community due to the possible uses for it in the future. Green Fluorescent Protein is significant because it provides an inexpensive and relatively easy method of detection. The possibility for real time detection means result could be obtained in real time. Future experiments will focus on linking rGFP to proteins during transcription and translation. This would result in a desired protein with a GFP tag whose fluorescence can then be used for identification. This should result in the ability to locate a target protein using the fluorescence of rGFP. Future applications of GFP could include incorporation into the genetic code of small mammals. These could encode fluorescent neurons which in turn could help further research in areas such as nerve tissue regeneration or other advances in neurobiology. Its unique properties of endurance could be exploited to understand how it can endure harsh environments and still regain functionality after remediation. This would have significant applications in molecular and cellular biology in understanding cellular degeneration and how help patients with diseases involving cellular degeneration. Bibliography Pan, Jing, Elizabeth Pickett, and Scott Rippel. Biochemistry Laboratory Lecture Notes. Dallas: UTD copy center, 2013. 225-289. Print. Pan, Jing, Elizabeth Pickett, and Scott Rippel. Biochemistry Laboratory Manual. Dallas: UTD copy center, 2013. 38-77. Print. Prasher, Douglas C., Virginia K. Eckenrode, et al. Primary Structure of the Aequorea victoria green-fluorescent protein. Gene. 111. (1992): 229-233. Print. Garrett, R., and Charles M. Grisham. Biochemistry. 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning, 2010. Print. Ninfa, Alexander J., and David P. Ballou. Fundamental laboratory approaches for biochemistry and biotechnology. Bethesda, Md.: Fitzgerald Science Press, 1998. 89-107. Print.

Introduction Of Organic Growth Marketing Essay

Introduction Of Organic Growth Marketing Essay Organic growth represents the true growth for the core of the company, as a results of how well one company can use its internal resources to expand profits. Its the process of business expansion due to the increasing of sales, overall customer base, total assets, intangible assets or any combination of the following above. It also reflect the sustainable capacity of one company As a results of organic growth, Inorganic growth is the opposed of organic growth which results mergers and acquisitions, such as growth that are not coming from one companys existing business which also includes the impact of foreign exchange or growth that come from buying a new business that may be negative. Organic growth expanding are adjusted for the effects of acquisitions and disposals of business. Organic growth does include growth that are over a period that results from investment in businesses in one company owned at the beginning. Acquisitions, and the decline from sales and closures of whole businesses are not included into the organic growth expanding. When a company does not disclose organic growth number, its usually possible to estimate them by estimating the numbers for acquisitions made in the period being looked at and in the previous year, Its useful to break down organic sales growth into that coming from market growth and that coming from profits gains in market share, this also makes it easier to see how sustainable growth is. Relating to organic input in an organization, it can also relate to the act of closing or shutting down cost centers through established organic methods instead of waiting for a finance list. How is Organic Growth Measured Organic growth is generally measured in terms of increased sales, profits or total assets. And most companies are constantly faced with the challenges from this in their business. Businesses can choose to build their in-house competencies, invest to create competitive advantages, differentiate and innovate in their products or service line or leverage upon the market, products and revenues of other companies. Simply put, business expansion with the help of the businesses core-competencies and sale refers to organic growth and is in contrast with inorganic growth approach where expansion objectives are met though mergers and acquisition. This is also known as MA which is one of the most popular program now. An excellent example of organic growth probably (Apple Inc.). The growth rate at Apple is driven by trend-setting product innovation. Macintosh, I Mac, I Pod and the latest technological breakthrough pioneered by Apple is the I Phone, dont mention about the latest I phone 5. In research, Steve jobs, Founder of Apple Inc. comments Our belief was that if we kept putting great products in front of our customers, they would continue to open their wallets. Microsoft, on the other hand is a clear case of In-Organic growth is measured as it has successfully completed more than 100 acquisitions since 1986. Inorganic growth or growing through mergers and acquisitions also provides the following benefits below to the business plan. To reduce market competition Instantly adds service lines to acquiring company Provides access to fresh customer base and adds new geographical locations within Acquire an established marketing channel New management skills Time to market substantially reduced which gives businesses a significant competitive edge Building brans and marketing channels to serve customers better Focus on growth strategies (It is easy to prepare and plan well) Organizational efficiency Industry and economic factors play a crucial role in motivating companies to adopt the inorganic route for growth. Slowing industry growth rate, fragmented industry, too many competitors fighting for the same market share are some compelling reasons which push businesses towards MA route. Other than that, economic slump creates opportunities for cash rich companies to get hold of unutilized capacities of loss making competitors at attractive valuation. The success of organic growth is a test of the managements ability to share a common vision and deliver that vision. Companies growing organically not only measure their success on financial metrics alone but take careful note of other metrics like customer satisfaction metrics, product quality metrics, logistics and supply chain metrics etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..some of the typical characteristics of businesses which believe in the benefits of organic growth are customer centricity. 3.Types of Organic Growth Type of organic growth strategies are built up of, Revenue, Headcount, Public Relations Quality. This are all the four main pillars that support Organic Growth. Revenue is the lifeblood of any business. Without dollars flowing in, it is impossible to pay employees, suppliers and vendors. Businesses that are growing organically seek to grow revenue volume in the most efficient manner possible. Revenue growth eventually leads to profit growth, which is the final goal of organic growth strategies. Headcount is critical for any growing business. As revenue grows, companies can afford to hire more employees. For customer service, sales and marketing and production departments to function efficiently, they must properly well staffed. A good HR department is critical to the success of a growing company. Quality is more important than quantity for company headcount, as employees are the biggest asset of any small or big enterprises. Public Relations and advertising allow companies to get the word out about their products and services. Good public relations drives traffic to company websites and gets perspective customers attention. Good public relations strategies also allow for revenue growth to keep those properly staffed departments busy. While bad public relations can be more damaging to a company than good Public relations can be effective. Word of mouth or social media and traditional public relations avenues all must be used and monitored to ensure positive word of mouth advertising and branding. Quality in growing company started with the first contact a customer has with the corporation all the way to delivery of the final product. To successfully grow any enterprise, there needs to be a quality product. Organic growth relies on repeat business from satisfied customers. Customers will rarely buy a product a second time if the first impression or experience isnt top notch. Quality control and customer service are critical to gaining a sufficient sales volume to grow a company. Whether its a website or an in person sales presentation, the initial contact with potential clients must be top notch. Product quality, customer service and product support need to continue the standard of excellence that the marketing and sales departments begins. With all four pillars growing in sync, organic growth is inevitable. Organic Growth (Internal External Methods) Compare Internal growth External growth, internal growth is typically a slower process and can be financed by asking shareholders to contribute more capital, or by ploughing back profits into business. The main disadvantage of such an approach is that it takes time. In the meanwhile, rivals may be expanding and gaining competitive advantage. However, the main advantage is that the business is able to maintain a healthy gearing position. Because it is not building up external debts that require interest repayments, it is better placed maintain solvent growth. In addition ownership and control of the business is more likely to be retained by the existing shareholders. Many of the leading companies owe much of their early growth to internal growth, where through hard work and careful planning the original owners were able to grow their businesses successfully. While External growth can be carried out by seeking external finance, or merger and acquisition. These approaches tend to reply on bringing external fiancà © into the business in order to fund expansion, and therefore can lead to a deteriorating gearing postion. Merging with another company is a mutual arrangement whereby two companies join together. Typically one company will issue shares in exchange for shares in another company. A take-over occurs when one business acquires a controlling interest in another. This Involves purchasing at least half of the shares in the company being taken over. External growth enables fast expansion of business but there are a number of problems. Where two companies come together, the cultures may be quite different and difficult to match up. In additional there may be disagreements between managers who are used to work in a different practices and systems. The business change needs to be handled carefully from the human resource management perspective. Experts Comments According to experts, getting organic growth right is the key point to success. Organic growth is the lifeblood of every company. While acquisitions are a path to growth, Booz Company research shows that few acquisitions can be justified on cost synergies alone; buyers must be able to grow organically what they acquire. Yet most companies struggle with organic growth, especially when their business models and markets have matured. There are many reasons for this. For example, short-term pressures to produce profits can stunt investment, and typecasting some businesses as cash cows and others as growth engines can become self-defeating. One very common problem is chasing rainbows that will never be caught, while the best opportunities are hiding in plain sight. In an economy still facing massive headwinds, the ability to grow organically is more crucial than ever; companies can no longer see organic growth as an everyday task best to the operating units. Organic Development Preferred Many see organic growth as the most preferred growth strategy, for example, Banks considered organic growth to be the number one strategic priority, a survey by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC) has found that 92 percent of survey participants saw opportunities more on organic growth than in acquisition. The proportion was 10 percentage points higher. The survey of more than 100 senior banking executives found there could be a growth in branch expansions in 2012, as 39 percent of those polled said they planned op open up to 25 braches this year, while 11 percent planned to open more then than 100 branches. According to one of the spoke man, that fiqure was in line with the finding that 35 percent say small and medium enterprises (SMEs) will generate the highest growth in lending in 2012, while savings accounts (43 percent) will be the most popular form of funding. Conclusion To conclude, Overall growth option offer intrinsic value in their own way and the choice is dependant on the market and industry scenario as well as the strategic vision of the business. In face, a good management principle would be to use a combination of both methods to gain a steady growth pattern in which benefits the business in a long run. Using organic growth options for things which one does best, and using inorganic growth measures for the expanding the business potential is a potent mix when it comes to gearing up for growth. Inorganic growth is not necessarily in conflict with the organic growth, acquisitions are meant to complement the organic growth rather than act as a substitute, that talent and technology that was elsewhere and which can now be integrated to boost company performance. Thus, smaller companies with low risk taking abilities should establish their presence in market through organic approach to growth and eventually should look to accelerate their growth rate by strategic acquisitions once they have financial ability to bear the risks that come along with mergers and acquisitions. Bigger companies on the other hand should allocate their investment capacity between internal investments on enhancing competitiveness and acquisitions to tap into faster growth options by consolidating within the industry, acquiring presence in other markets and bringing in newer technologies or talents that complement and enhance their competitive position.

Mirror Neurons and Motor Memory Formation Essay -- Biology

WHAT ARE MIRROR NEURONS? Mirror neurons have been hailed by scientists as the most significant finding in neurology in the past decade, the key to understanding the secrets of human interaction and learning, and as significant to psychology as DNA is to biology. Mirror neurons are a newly-discovered structure of the brain responsible for the firing of neurons during both physical movement and the observation of physical movement. It is these firings during observation of movements that has scientists excited about their relation to learning and interaction. While mirror neurons have been found in both primates and humans, their role in terms of learning and perfecting motor skills is still unclear. The discovery of mirror neurons: The discovery of mirror neurons in macaque monkey was actually an accident during research on the monkeys. It was found that when placing peanuts in front of a monkey, a neuron would be fired whenever the monkey would reach for a peanut. This was to be expected: neurons are fired as signals to muscles to perform the movement. However, when a researcher grabbed a peanut while the monkey was simply watching, the neurons were still fired, implying a neurological link between physical movement and observation. While it is believed that mirror neurons are imperative for monkeys to understand what other monkeys are doing, the believed function of mirror neurons in human brains is much more extensive. Discovery of possible neuron mirror systems in the human brain have been found by the fact that areas in motor cortex become excited when a person observes another do an action. This same motor cortex is responsible for our physical movements, thus offering support that we too contain mirror... ...eversed and reinforced results. The ObsPract Towards data shows that repeated viewing of a movement reinforcing one's baseline does, in fact, translate to a reinforcement of the physical baseline. However, the ObsPract Opposite results show that viewing, and not merely practicing (as in PhysPract) a movement that contradicts one's baseline can affect that baseline. After viewing the contradictory film, the ObsPract Opposite subject's baseline was clearly altered, as now half of his involuntary movements followed the film rather than his previously-established baseline. Though not a complete change of the neural pathway, this clearly demonstrates that viewing an activity can affect one's brain, as was hypothesized. Sources Stefan, Katja et al. October 2005. Formation of a Motor Memory by Action Observation. The Journal of Neuroscience: Vol. 25, issue 41.

Teachers and Students Essay -- Teaching Education Essays

Teachers and Students The education habits of students are rooted in them from the earliest days of their educational careers. The different influences on students, whether it be inside educational institutions, or outside is huge. The teacher of a classroom is the first and most pertinent influence in a student's educational career. Teachers provide students with the basic skills they would need to survive not only in the academic world, but also the world beyond. The relationship between teachers and their students is the key element in creating an educational atmosphere that is both pleasant and effective. The experience of a student at school, especially at a younger age, in most cases sets the main base of the skills of that student. Teachers who provide a solid base most likely did so because they were able to relate to the classroom as a whole, and also to students as individuals. This is very important in the learning process. The teacher is the leader of the classroom. S/he is the one to decide the lesson plan for the students, and the best way of implementing that lesson plan in a given day. The excitement and enthusiasm that a teacher is able to create in the classroom, assists students in learning the subject not only with more positive energy, but also helps them be interested in topics that they would normally not be interested in. Often times there's a debate about the issue of whether teachers treat different students differently, either because of their ethnic background or their gender. David Thomas discussed this issue in his article, "The Mind of Man". Thomas argued that girls' performance in school is better than boys' not because girls are smarter and boys are not, but because they are treated diff... ...bjects and life outside the classroom. Also, teachers should not be blamed for the poor performance of boys (or girls) in their classroom on the basis that they treat them differently. After all, boys are boys, and girls are girls. Girls are conditioned to be calm and boys are conditioned to be active. This is something that the children already have within them when they enter the classroom. It is up to the teacher to be flexible enough to work with both different types of personalities in a given day. A great challenge...but not impossible! Works Cited Rose, Mike. "Lives on the Boundary." The Presence of Others. Eds. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000: 105-118 Thomas, David. "The Mind of Man." The Presence of Others. Eds. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000: 120-124

Promote Children’s Welfare and Well Being in the Early Years

EYMP 3: Promote children’s welfare and well being in the early years 1. Welfare requirements were bought in, in September 2008 as part of the EYFS welfare requirements and are compulsory. Theses are split into 5 groups, which our operational planning covers. Safeguarding and promoting children’s welfare has legal and statutory guidance general legal requirements cover and the provider must take necessary steps to safeguard and promote the welfare of children.The provider must promote the good health of children and take necessary steps to prevent cross infections, and take appropriate action when they are ill. Children’s behaviour must be managed effectively and in a manner appropriate for their stage of development and particular individual needs. Specific legal requirements and statutory guidance covers safeguarding, information and complaints, premises and security, outings, equality of opportunities. Medicines, illness and injuries, food and drink, smoking, b ehaviour management. 2.The lines of reporting and responsibility in the work setting. In my staff handbook has how to report and my responsibility in my setting. Attached to this document. 2. 2 Explain systems for supporting children’s safety when: ? When receiving children into the setting we make sure they come in with a parent/carer. We ensure every child has the correct clothing and footwear for the appropriate weather. When receiving new children to join the setting all the correct paperwork is filled in the parents and child have settling in sessions.If a child has certain people that cannot pick them up we ensure people picking up that child are checked at the gate and I. D is checked we have passwords and photos of parents and carers. ? When a child leaves nursery at the end of the day we ensure they leave with a parent/carer if another person is picking up the nursery make sure everyone’s seen a photo of that person and a password is given at the gate their I. D is also checked, this all has to be confirmed with a parent/carer before pick up. Each child is then signed out by a parent/carer and signed ut by staff on a register. ? During offsite visits each child is either in a buggy or were a high visibility jacket with the teddies number on the back and each child wears a wrist strap attached to a member of staff. The ratio on a walk is 1. 2 on each walk there needs to be a head of unit, first aider, first aid bag, evacuation bag, water and phones. A register is taken every 15mins on a outing and a walks form is filled out of who is going on a walk, the ratio, time of departure and returning and were the walk is. . 4 Explain giving examples, why minimum requirements for space and staff ratios and necessary for children’s safety. ? The space in each room in nursery is necessary for children’s safety. In all the rooms below the age of three have a capacity of 12 children to four members of staff. In a room above three years o ld is a capacity of 20 children with for members of staff. If there is to many children in a room it would become unsafe for the children as there wouldn’t be enough room to play and take part in activities.If a room is over crowded for the amount of children it can cause more accidents, staff may not be able to care to a high standard. ? Staff ratio is very important for a child’s safety. The ratio for 0 – 2 years is 1:3, 2 – 3 is 1:4 and 3 years above is 1:8 this is set by the government and ofsted. This is to allow each practitioner to look after a correct amount of children at a safe level to ensure each child’s needs are met and not put in danger.

Orbach

Sample descriptive outline and summary Fat is a Feminist Issue by Susie Arroba Descriptive Outline Paragraphs 1 & 2 Paragraphs 3 & 4 Paragraphs 5 -8 Paragraph 9 Us Mary Arroba details the epidemic of obesity in American women, the emotional effects of overeating on women, and lists commonly held views about the causes of obesity. Arroba suggests that women's obesity is in fact a challenge to gender stereotypes and should be viewed as a societal illness, not a personal failing.In this section of the text, Arroba argues that women's inferior societal position is the result of a centuries-long belief that women's biology makes them fit for the limited roles of wife and mother. In order to achieve this status, however, Arroba states that a woman must â€Å"have† a man, which makes her seclusion's and keenly aware of herself as an object for the pleasure of men. A woman therefore is highly susceptible to the vagaries of fashion, media, and make-up in an effort to make her more ascr ibable to men.Arroba concludes by stating that, despite the many changes in fashion trends, being thin is consistently viewed as positive, and necessary, for women, and that, as a result, obesity may express rebellion against the strictures of cue Trial conformity women face. Arroba uses her introductory paragraphs to establish the context of her discussion about women's obesity in the United States. Arroba begins to make her argument, offering a feminist explanation of women's obesity, alleging that â€Å"fat is† n expression of independence.Her parallel structure Caftan is†) suggests ownership of an otherwise unattractive quality – fat itself. Arroba logically and methodically builds her argument in this section of the text, moving from biology to culture, in order to persuade the reader that the epidemic of female obesity may, in fact, be a feminist choice -? rather than the availability of unhealthy food, lack of exercise,